Evolución de los glaciares tropicales de Colombia (2010-2023) utilizando herramientas geoespaciales
Keywords:
Google Earth Engine, PlanetScope, Segment Anything Model, SIG, GlaciaresAbstract
Tropical glaciers in Colombia, located near the equator, are extremely vulnerable to climate change due to high temperatures and low precipitation. Over the past five decades, glaciers worldwide have been retreating alarmingly, and Colombia is no exception. To monitor these changes, high-resolution multispectral data from the Rapid Eye constellation (2010-2016) and PlanetScope (2017-2023) were used, along with the Deep Learning Segment Anything Model tool. Precipitation and temperature data from 1991 to 2023 were also analyzed using Google Earth Engine to calculate anomalies. Between 2010 and 2023, Colombian glaciers have shown a consistent decrease in their total area due to climate change, with temporary peaks of increase in 2011 and 2021. The average, maximum, and minimum altitudes of the glaciers were calculated using the SRTM elevation model, varying between 4804 and 5067 meters above sea level, with an average of 4952 meters. The El Niño and La Niña phenomena influence glacier surface, increasing during La Niña and decreasing during El Niño. Despite these fluctuations, the glacier mass has significantly reduced between 2010 and 2023, more than recorded in previous studies.
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