Evolución de los glaciares tropicales de Colombia (2010-2023) utilizando herramientas geoespaciales
Palavras-chave:
Google Earth Engine, PlanetScope, Segment Anything Model, SIG, GlaciaresResumo
Os glaciares tropicais na Colômbia, localizados perto do equador, são extremamente vulneráveis às mudanças climáticas devido às altas temperaturas e baixa precipitação. Nas últimas cinco décadas, os glaciares em todo o mundo têm recuado alarmantemente, e a Colômbia não é exceção. Para monitorar essas mudanças, foram utilizados dados multiespectrais de alta resolução da constelação Rapid Eye (2010-2016) e PlanetScope (2017-2023), juntamente com a ferramenta Deep Learning Segment Anything Model. Dados de precipitação e temperatura de 1991 a 2023 também foram analisados usando o Google Earth Engine para calcular anomalias. Entre 2010 e 2023, os glaciares colombianos mostraram uma diminuição consistente em sua área total devido às mudanças climáticas, com picos temporários de aumento em 2011 e 2021. As altitudes médias, máximas e mínimas dos glaciares foram calculadas usando o modelo de elevação SRTM, variando entre 4804 e 5067 metros acima do nível do mar, com uma média de 4952 metros. Os fenômenos El Niño e La Niña influenciam a superfície do glaciar, aumentando durante La Niña e diminuindo durante El Niño. Apesar dessas flutuações, a massa de gelo do glaciar reduziu significativamente entre 2010 e 2023, mais do que registrado em estudos anteriores.
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